Struggles in Implementing Agrarian Reform in the Philippines “Agrarian Reform: A Struggle for Social Justice”

ABSTRACTThe paper entitled â€Å"Agrarian Reform: A Struggle for Social Justice† aims to give the current status of agrarian reform in the Philippines. It also aims to provide the struggle of Filipinos for social justice in the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP). This paper aims to explain why land reform is slow here in our country. This will also try to shed light on what agrarian reform is and will give the clear and precise Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law. Furthermore, this paper will also tackle the issues involving the fairness of social justice in the agrarian reform. A part of this paper is also given for the land conversions and other ways to circumvent CARP.Outline: I. Introduction & Objectives A. Specific objectives II. Background Information A. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) in the Philippines 1. History 2. Definition 3. Purpose B. Social Justice in the Philippines 1. History 2. Definition 3. Purpose III. Analysis & D iscussion A. Issues on the agrarian reform implementation in the Philippines B. Reasons for the slow implementation of agrarian reform C. Land Conversions and other ways to circumvent CARP IV. ConclusionV. References Cornista, L. B. (1987). The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program: An Analysis of its Policies and Processes. Laguna: University of the Philippines. Lopez, A. P. (2003). Batas: The Uncompleted Historic Mandate, Quezon City: DAR. Sebucao, J. T. (1995). The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) as critically viewed by the DAR officials and beneficiaries: its economic and educational contribution.Annotated Bibliography 1. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program : an analysis of its policies and processes This book provides information about the policies and processes of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program. 2. Batas: The Uncompleted Historic MandateThis book is about Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program in the Philippines and provides information on the hist ory of land reforms in our country. This also provides information on the government policies regarding land reform in our country. 3. The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) as critically viewed by the DAR officials and beneficiaries This book provides the analysis of DAR officials and beneficiaries on what the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) is.

Christianity and Paganism in Beowulf Essay

The literature of a period is often regarded as the purest manifestation of the social, political, and cultural atmosphere of a particular era. At a crossroads, often than not, these works narrate the development of a culture besieged by new ideas and influences. Considered as the earliest extant poem in a modern European language, the Germanic epic entitled Beowulf is a clear example of how two warring cultural ideologies are melded together to create a population’s own unique social identity. Peppered with pagan images of magic and monsters, one would almost immediately assume that the poem was created as an account of heroism in the likes of Greek myths and epics, but it is easy to acknowledge that the over-arching motive that pushes the narrative is the relationship of the people with their new God, the Higher Being proclaimed by the burgeoning Christian religion. Taking this into account, one could easily characterize Beowulf as the product of â€Å"folk Christianity†Ã¢â‚¬â€the reconciliation of the newfound religion of Christianity and traditional paganism, a melding that suited the culture of the Anglo-Saxon people. The sense of paganism in Beowulf can be easily attributed to the prolific existence of otherworldly monsters and supernatural events in the text. Revolving around the three â€Å"monsters† portrayed in the poem—the man-killing Grendel, the vengeful witch of the marsh that is his mother, and the dragon that would be the catalyst to the end—these characters or images portray a Scandinavia that was overwhelmed by a wide array of mythological creatures that wreck havoc in the small communities, a Scandinavia of pagan lore. But amidst this, a hero called Beowulf would appear from the distance, a Christian â€Å"savior of mankind†, to expunge the lands of these vicious beasts. From this mere premise we immediately assume the tension that exists between the two different ideologies: Beowulf exemplifies the new order of Scandinavian warriors, those that follow a new God but still abide by their traditional beliefs, while the monsters symbolize the mayhem and destruction of paganism. Such dynamic was taken advantage of by an anonymous medieval monk who had put the story of Beowulf on paper, showing the power of Christianity over paganism. An earlier example of a â€Å"pagan† monstrosity and Christian heroism found in the text is Beowulf’s battle with Grendel. The monster had been terrorizing the lands of Hrothgar, and news of this had spread throughout the land. It is interesting to note that Grendel has been described as â€Å"Conceived by a pair of those monsters born/ Of Cain, murderous creatures/ Banished by God, punished forever for the crime of Abel’s death (line 105-108). † This portrayal of the Christianity’s first murder pushes further the idea that those of the supernatural and pagan element are, as Grendel is shown, â€Å"banished by God†. Beowulf arrives at Hrothgar’s land, a warrior of epic capacity, and lends his service albeit for the price of wealth and fame. He destroys this monster with no weapon at hand, and gains the respect of the people—clearly showing the power of Christianity over paganism. Another aspect of Christianity that is liberally addressed throughout the text is the concept of Christian fate. When our heroes talk of God, they do so in acknowledgement of His all-encompassing power and dominion. Lines such as â€Å"’twas the judgment of God†, â€Å"Blessed God†, and â€Å"the mercy of God† can be read throughout the text and shows how these characters entrust their life and fate to their newly found religion. Overall, Beowulf should be considered not as a pagan text but rather a Christian one because Christian values compose the backbone of the prose. Beowulf is essentially an insight into the history of a people who have come to comfortably adapt to new ideas and beliefs through changing times.

Air Bud Essay

Air Bud Essay Air Bud is not like any other kids movie. With a touching story line and clever effects, Air bud is a movie anyone can enjoy regardless of age and gender. Symbols play a surprisingly interesting role in the movie, Air Bud. One case of symbolism is the church courts representation of Josh. When Josh primarily discovered the church court shortly after moving into the area, the church court was chaotic and disordered, similarly to Joshs feelings. After transforming the church court, Josh thrust down the fence and broke through his own barriers. Josh rediscovered something hidden under layers of leaves-himself. Within himself, or rather, the church court, Josh also found his father and Buddy. Joshs father was always watching over Josh even though the body wasnt there physically, and Buddy filled gap left by the father in Joshs life. In the church court that symbolizes Josh, Josh found not only himself but his dad and Buddy. The first identification of the dog that Josh found in the church court, the piece of cloth, became a symbol of Buddy. The cloth was dirty and torn when Josh found it in a bush. However, by the time Joshs mom found it, the cloth was clean. This corresponds to how Buddy was dirty and unwanted when Josh first found him, but under the care of Josh, Buddy became clean and loved. The love is evident when Joshs mom put the clean cloth beside the picture of Josh with his dad. Buddy was a part of their family. Similarly to Joshs dad, Buddy was also forced to leave for a period of time. Josh mended the cloth which symbolizes Buddy, a member of Joshs family. One aspect of Buddy that Josh could not completely heal was Buddys fear, shown through newspapers. Buddys deep fear and distrust in humans resulted from being abused with newspapers in the past. In an attempt to hide his fear, Buddy buried the newspaper each morning. Fear, however, returns regardless of how well you hide it. The source of fear-Norm Snively-appeared after Joshs mom found the buried newspapers. Therefore, instead of continuing to avoid fear, Buddy surpassed his fear at the end of the movie when he tore apart Norms newspaper. The newspaper symbolizes the fear Buddy learns he cant avoid. The church court, the piece of cloth, and the newspaper are some symbolism effects from the movie, Air Bud. The director produced the movie with impressively decisive and insightful details. Watching Air Bud once is not enough to understand the full depth of the movie.

My View of the Film the Red Detachment of Woman Movie Review

My View of the Film the Red Detachment of Woman - Movie Review Example From lowest working class, she represents her social class by bravely joining the red army which fought willingly for a cause in the liberation of china. The strength of a woman in fighting for a common cause is portrayed when Qionghau takes a short ata Nan Baitian while on strict scouting trip. With the main theme â€Å"politics† the movies clearly depicts woman’s position in the attainment of political agendas. Communist being the main idea advocated in the movie, lack of sexuality between the two main character enforces the idea of communist main cause which comes above other things. Qionghua returns the four coins she was given by Hong to him before the war breaks out for the registration of her party membership fee. This depicts woman as conservative and good manager of resources. This is centrally to the main picture painted to woman in that time and many years that followed as resource spendthrift. Her strength is depicted by participating up to the last event of the battle against Nationalists and old society. Although the movie portrayed woman positively and as the agent of change the hero of the movie who was made a martyr towards the end is a male character. This makes the film more complicated in terms gender picture. In conclusion the film stands as an example of linking the struggle against property and the struggle for women’s liberation (Zhongguo

A Cultural Breakaway Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Cultural Breakaway - Essay Example Scott does not only present Kiowa traditional myths, but helps us to create and relate Kiowa culture. Through a well examined process of mentally forming a clear picture of traditional stories, Scott’s view on contemporary cultural life, the reader is placed at a point of being able to offer a personal appreciation of the fluctuating experience of Kiowa as a culture. Momaday fit into the historic times of the Indian society coming at a time of American imagination, not as the end of the long trail, but coming into full view as an Indian contemporary society. Momaday puts into context and relates to the audience his views. In his description he talks about how his ancestors are buried in that land so that he puts a claim on the land through his memory. The wild animals knew this very well, the weather was fast changing and winter was vividly fast approaching, it was during that time of the year that even the bravest of all animals had to seek warmth and comfort in order to shie ld itself from the adverse winter time. The cold is sharp and straight reaching even up to the bones chilling throughout the body. The branches of the tree turn bare and their beauty gone, as Scott puts it â€Å"that winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds.† ... Best captured in Hoffman’s own ideas â€Å"It is indeed a feeling whose shades and degrees am destined to know quite intimately, but at this hovering moment, it comes upon me like a visitation from a whole new geography of emotions, an annunciation of how much an absence can hurt.† We had moved into this new area some six months ago, when my family had to flee due to the great tsunami that made everybody move out of my former city to this new environment. Reflecting back at my childhood, I come across darkened imagination of the place where we had come from. Deep within me there is a feeling that I don’t want to be separated from my childhood memories, the sweet moments and the little jokes and games that we used to play with my friends at our countryside home. Every situation around me seems bleak offering no meaning, losing my childhood memories, my thoughts are stuck in a moody situation refused to move and think on. This kind of winter weather is indeed pure beauty, it surrounds trees and bushes. It’s a whole new form of world; the getaway. Several years have passed, it is now indeed a new culture and life for me, things are different now, at a friend’s party I meet a lady in her early twenties; who had also been separated from her childhood. They must also have apparently left China during that time, we talk issues of how a part of her has since then been missing ever since that time. Her journey as she vividly describes that â€Å"It was a long journey toward the dawn, and it led to the golden age† (Momaday 2), and along the way they have interacted with a different type of people that have in a much deeper sense influenced their culture and religion. That aspect of cultural

How Water Pollution Affect the Productivity of Elodea Canadensis Essay

How Water Pollution Affect the Productivity of Elodea Canadensis - Essay Example The conclusion from this study recommended that laundry detergents manufacturing companies, need to review and revisit the chemical components forming the detergents. There should be a paradigm shift to a chemical substance considered as a cleaning substance consisting of organic chemicals. Pollution is a human created issue which has been affecting the environment negatively. Especially, water pollution has become more significant as water is a vital factor for human life both as a need of the human body and as a requirement in agricultural processes which serve humans. As the human population is increasing, the demand for water is increasing as well. Water is the main cleaning agent we use in our daily lives. However, throughout the history, we have never used solely water for cleaning purposes. For instance, before detergents and washing machines, people used to clean their clothes around a river by beating them on the rocks around the river. The leaves of some plants produced lat her which acted as the first detergents used by humans. Today, we use laundry detergents inside our washing machines, with water. However, if observed closely, these artificial detergents cause more harm than good. The researcher states that especially human impact which enhances the water pollution is an essential topic to investigate. There are very simple and easy steps to hinder the damage we do to the water resources around us. Also, the damage is not only done to the water, but also to us, since we use the polluted water in our daily lives.

Mandarin Oriental Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Mandarin Oriental - Essay Example The company begun when it is opened its flagship property in Hong Kong in 1963. The property was known as The Mandarin and developed into a luxurious and reputable hotel. The Mandarin International hotels were formed in 1974. The group intended to spread to the entire Asia (Kotler & Bowen 2006). The strategy was to maintain or expand the standards that had been set by the pioneer branch at Hong Kong (Smith 2010). The company expanded further and acquired property in Bangkok. The Oriental property, which was already a legendary property, was acquired from Bangkok. The management had to facilitate the merger of two strong brands to come up with Mandarin Oriental in the year 1985. From 1990, the company expanded globally and now operation in many countries (Kotler & Bowen 2006). When MOHG was launched the company publicly in Hong Kong stock exchange, there was a need for the company come up with a symbol that represented the image of the company’s elegance (Smith 2010). The elega nce of the symbol would become crucial in representing the image and the charm of the group (Hiebing &Cooper 2004). The company came up with a logo through a recognized design house called Pentagram (Thompson & Martin 2005). The logo took the design of a fan. It is one of the most recognized logos in the world when it comes to the tourism industry (Thompson & Martin 2005). The company encourages all the Mandarin Oriental hotels to come up with their own unique fans to reflect their own individuality (Dobson & Starkey 1993). Each hotel is adjusted to the environment it is located and represents the goals of the company in the local environment. The company places value in originality and is keen to ensure that each branch established a connection with its local market (Smith 2010). Mission and vision The company has a vision of attaining acknowledgement as the world’s most excellent lodge grouping. It has an intention of satisfying and delight their customers (Kotler & Bowen 2 006). According to Ettdgui, the company aims at escalating the operational accommodation to 10,001. The company is committed to making difference continually (Kotler & Bowen 2006). The company aims at improving to maintain its market share and revenues. According to Mandarin Oriental Hotel Group (2009), the company is committed to making a difference through employee development programs. The mission demonstrates the uniqueness of the company in terms of its approach to the target market and to remain competitive. Objectives and the Future of MOHGs The company is targeting to understand the guest’s needs by paying attention to their requests and responding with accuracy and precision (Smith 2010). MOHG hopes to be able to deliver products and services that meet the customer expectations (Thompson & Martin 2005). The company is emphasizing on accountability and sharing of responsibility in order to achieve its goals in an atmosphere of teamwork (Dobson & Starkey 1993). The fut ure of the company as indicated its goals is to remain a market leader through training and career development (Hiebing &Cooper 2004). The company has an interest in surpassing the customer expectation through creating an experience (Dobson & Starkey 1993). The company has singled out creativity and innovation as prerequisites to remaining at the helm of the hotel and tourism industry in the world (Thompson & Marti

Why Corporate Income Tax Should Be Abolished Essay

Why Corporate Income Tax Should Be Abolished - Essay Example This would make the conditions of doing business in the country more friendly. As a result, foreign investors would flock the country in pursuit of the American dream. The main aim of the corporate income tax is to make sure that corporations too have a role to play in nation building by paying tax. The government provides the corporations with a good environment to do business and in order to support this; the government uses a substantial amount of funds. Therefore, the corporations should pay tax to ensure that the government is able to provide them with such services that enable them to be profitable. As much as the corporate income tax stands at 35%, some corporations have found ways to bring this number down to around 12%. This is has been made possible through the introduction of tax refunds. Wealthy individuals will also find ways to incorporate their wealth to their corporations’ wealth. This would mean that the government would lose more revenue. The author states that at some point in history when the personal income tax become high, wealthy individuals incorporated their wealth to that of their corporations in order to pay the much lower corporate income tax. If the corporate tax was to be scrapped off, it should be done in well calculated move. The benefits and the costs should be considered both in the long run and the short run. All the loopholes should then be closed to ensure people don’t take advantage of this as a way to avoid paying taxes. Such a move would spell danger to the American economy.

Organizational and Management Processes Within Health Systems Coursework

Organizational and Management Processes Within Health Systems - Coursework Example The health sector is citizens oriented and ought to live to the expectation of both the government and the public. Different players have a strategic responsibility, but this paper will focus on an internal aspect of Nigerian hospitals. The alignment of activities and resources in healthcare system are classically aimed at improving the quality of service and efficiency both in service delivery and utilization of resources (Merson et al., 2009. 16-21) Corporate culture plays a significant role in employee satisfaction and therefore service delivery. Managers play an important role in the creation of culture in an organization and learning it. This allows the management to separate cultural artifices with a positive impact on service delivery from non-progressive norms. There are many contending variables in the organizations culture. The changing needs and expectation of stakeholders like the contradicting needs of the patients, the providers and regulators create inconsistencies and send mixed signals. Moreover, it handles the maintenance of most inefficient practices and is, therefore, important that the discussion about organizational culture be started (Swayne, 2014. 17). Learning an organizational culture in health will allow managers to identify specific areas and norms that affect service delivery and its efficient utilization of resources. Culture to some degree is shaped by incentives and understanding it in health, allows the managers and regulators to identify specific areas they can encourage change or improvement. Culture determines how an organization does things. It is, therefore, imperative that progressive stagnant culture are separated and dealt with accordingly through identification (Watkins, 2013, 8-14) We should be moving towards learning organizational culture in health care systems. Culture is a factor that determines the quality of service

Art HIstory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art HIstory - Essay Example Meanwhile, on the other part of the globe, lies the Horyu-ji Temple (), one of the oldest existing wooden buildings of the world, exhibiting the heavy influence of Buddhism in Japanese art and architecture, especially in the 5th century AD (Asian Historical Architecture n. p.). In this case, the researcher would like to discuss the architecture and interior decoration and symbolic design from the Byzantine Empire through analyzing existing architectural artifacts of the Byzantine Empire in Ravenna Italy. Then, the researcher would compare this with the architecture and art of ancient Japan as displayed in the Horyu-ji Temple (), and will also compare how these works of art reflected the existing socio-cultural conditions from the period when they are made. According to some scholars, the Byzantine period actually produced one of the greatest period of innovation in architecture and the arts (Fletcher and Cruickshank 282-320), wherein geometric complexity and innovative structuring, a long with the prevalence of iconoclasm and mosaic art flourished (Fletcher and Cruickshank 282-320).

Internal Control Essay Example for Free

Internal Control Essay Question 1 a) Select two companies where inadequate internal control have resulted in disastrous effects on the organisation or exposed it to heavy losses. Research the facts of the failure and report on the facts and the losses suffered. In your report, include suggestions for changes to operations (internal controls) that could have prevented the final outcome. Where could you find a list of these internal controls and how are they documented? Examples of companies include: Coles Myer Ltd and the Yannon affair Barings Bank (1995) AWA Case (1992) Integral Energy (2003) Australian Museum-theft of zoological specimens (2003) Argonaut Resources (2011) Each report should be about no longer than 1 page in length. Two reports required. b) Select two companies that have experienced recent corporate governance failures. Research the facts of the failure and report on the facts and the losses suffered. In your report, give suggestions on the Corporate Governance principles that should be implemented and that could have prevented the failure. Examples of companies include: ABC Learning (2008) Storm Financial (2009) Strathfield (2009) One-Tel HIH Independent Insurance (UK) Commander Communications (2008) EzyDVD (2009) Clive Peters Beechwood Homes Australian Discount Retail (Crazy Clarks’, Go-Lo, Sam’s Warehouse) (2009) Queensland Health Department (2011) Parmalat (Italy) Each report should be about no longer than 1 page in length. Two reports required. Question 2 a) In your own words explain Internal Control within an organisation, and state the major objectives of a system of internal control to management? b) List and briefly explain the five components of an entitys internal control structure. Question 3 a) Define Corporate Governance and its application in the corporate world and discuss the need for Corporate Governance. b) Look up the Annual Reports for two of the following companies and comment on the appearance, structure, content, and usefulness of the Corporate Governance and Sustainability section of the report. How does it meet the current principles of Corporate Governance? Companies include: Banks: ANZ, CBA, NAB, Westpac, Bendigo Resources: BHP, RIO Tinto, Woodside, Santos Financial services: Macquarie Group, Perpetual, QBE Health care: Sonic, Resmed, CSL Retail: Woolworths, Wesfarmers, Metcash, Harvey Norman Property: Centro, Stockland, Westfield Property Trust, WRT Family business: Westfield, Harvey Norman, News Corporation Interesting: Fairfax, James Hardie, Qantas, Telstra Your report should be about no longer than 1 page in length. Two reports required.

After the Ratification of the Declaration of Independence Essay Example for Free

After the Ratification of the Declaration of Independence Essay After the ratification of the Declaration of Independence, establishing the united colonies as Free and Independent States, the Continental Congress set to work on the task of drawing up a document that would provide a legal framework for that Union, and which would be enforceable as the law of the new land. The Articles were written during the early part of the American Revolution by a committee of the Second Continental Congress of the now independent thirteen sovereign states. The head of the committee, John Dickinson, who had refused to sign he Declaration of Independence, nevertheless adhering to the will of the majority of the members of the Continental Congress, presented a report on the proposed articles to the Congress on July 12, 1776, eight days after the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Dickinson initially proposed a strong central government, with control over the western lands, equal representation for the states, and the power to levy taxes. Because of their experience with Great Britain, the 13 states feared a powerful central government. Consequently, they changed Dickinsons proposed articles rastically before they sent them to all the states for ratification in November 1777. The Continental Congress had been careful to give the states as much independence as possible. The Articles deliberately established a confederation of sovereign states, carefully specifying the limited functions of the federal government. Despite these precautions, several years passed before all the states ratified the articles. The delay resulted from preoccupation with the revolution and from disagreements among the states. These disagreements included quarrels over boundary lines, conflicting ecisions by state courts, differing tariff laws, and trade restrictions between states. The small states wanted equal representation with the large states in Congress, and the large states were afraid they would have to pay an excessive amount of money to support the federal government. In addition, the states disagreed over control of the western territories. The states with no frontier borders wanted the government to control the sale of these territories so that all the states profited. On the other hand, the states bordering the frontier wanted to control as much land as they could. Eventually the states agreed to give control of all western lands to the federal government, paving the way for final ratification of the articles on March 1, 1781, Just seven and a half months before the surrender of Lord Cornwallis and his British Army at Yorktown, October 19, 1781, the victory ended fighting in the War of Independence and virtually assured success to the American cause. Almost the entire war for five long years had been prosecuted by the members of the Second Continental Congress as representatives of a loose federation of states with no resources and reputations. Under the Articles, on paper, the Congress had power to regulate foreign affairs, war, and the postal service and to appoint military officers, control Indian affairs, borrow money, determine the value of coin, and issue bills of credit. In reality, however, the Articles gave the Congress no power to enforce its requests to the states for money or troops, and by the end of 1786 governmental effectiveness had broken down. Nevertheless, some solid accomplishments had been achieved: certain state claims to western lands were settled, and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established the undamental pattern of evolving government in the territories north of the Ohio River. Equally important, the Confederation provided the new nation with instructive experience in self-government under a written document. In revealing their own weaknesses, the Articles paved the way for the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and the present form of U. S. government. The Articles were in force from March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789, when the present Constitution of the United States went into effect. During those years the 13 states were struggling to achieve their independent status, and the Articles of Confederation stood them in good stead in the process and exercise of learning self- government. The articles created a loose confederation of independent states that gave limited powers to a central government. The national government would consist of a single house of Congress, where each state would have one vote. Congress had the power to set up a postal department, to estimate the costs of the government and request donations from the states, to raise armed forces, and to control the development of the western territories. With the consent of nine of the thirteen states, Congress ould also coin, borrow, or appropriate money as well as declare war and enter into treaties and alliances with foreign nations. There was no independent executive and no veto of legislation. Judicial proceedings in each state were to be honored by all other states. The federal government had no judicial branch, and the only Judicial authority Congress had was the power to arbitrate disputes between states. Congress was denied the power to levy taxes; the new federal government was financed by donations from the states based on the value of each states lands. Any amendment to the articles required the unanimous approval of all 13 states. In attempting to limit the power of the central government, the Second Continental Congress created one without sufficient power to govern effectively, which led to serious national and international problems. The greatest weakness of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation was its inability to regulate trade and levy taxes. Sometimes the states refused to give the government the money it interstate commerce. The government could not pay off the debts it had incurred uring the revolution, including paying soldiers who had fought in the war and citizens who had provided supplies to the cause. Congress could not pass needed measures because they lacked the nine-state majority required to become laws. The states largely ignored Congress, which was powerless to enforce cooperation, and it was therefore unable to carry out its duties. After the Colonial victory in the Revolutionary War, it became obvious to the Founding Fathers that the original attempt would not be equal to the task of providing the equitable law which they sought. Congress could not force the states to adhere to the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1783 ending the American Revolution, which was humiliating to the new government, especially when some states started their own negotiations with foreign countries. In addition, the new nation was unable to defend its borders from British and Spanish encroachment because it could not pay for an army when the states would not contribute the necessary funds. Leaders like Alexander Hamilton of New York and James Madison of Virginia criticized the limits placed on the central government, and General George Washington is said o have complained that the federation was little more than a shadow without substance. On February 21, 1787, Congress called for a Constitutional Convention to be held in May to revise the articles. Between May and September, the convention wrote the present Constitution for the United States, which retained some of the features of the Articles of Confederation but gave considerably more power to the federal government. The new Constitution provided for executive and Judicial branches of government, lacking in the Articles, and allowed the government to tax its citizens.

Rising interest on entrepreneurship

Rising interest on entrepreneurship 1.0 INTRODUCTION The rising interest on entrepreneurship has become a regular topics discussed among academician and politician and there are many evidence can be seen worldwide (Levenburg and Schwarz, 2008). In the U.S alone, for the past 10 years, on averaged 600,000 new businesses was incorporated each year (Kuratko, 2005). There is also a significant increase in endowment received by business schools in the U.S. for entrepreneurship activities. Since 1995 US$10 million had been contributed compared to an average US$500,000 to US$1 million in early 1990s (Katz, 2003). Studies on forty countries entrepreneurship activities by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) have seen the sharp increased from 2 per cent to 29 per had confirm this fact (Levenburg and Schwarz, 2008). There are many reasons for it and why it is becoming more important nowadays. Due to the advantages and attractiveness of entrepreneurship in the economy, Lambing and Kuehl (2007) noted a remarkable increase in new business in the U.S. for the past 10 15 years. The practice of downsizing by big firms also believed to contribute into the increasing number of people considering entrepreneurship as a career not only because of unemployment but also decreasing interest of people pursuing career in a big corporation. They feel that the organizations have no longer provided the job security and career opportunities that they once did. The use of technology in the working places had taking away many jobs in the organization and reduced the need for labor and manager in big firms. Due to these factors, many people deciding to become independent in pursuing their economic needs (Lambing and Kuehl, 2007). Entrepreneurial firms had a crucial contribution into the economy as they become a part of renewal process of declining economies with its innovation which lead to technological change and growth in productivity. Not only that, they also become the main employment provider which enable all walk of life to access the economic accomplishment (Kuratko, 2005). In Malaysia, the seriousness of the government in promoting entrepreneurship among Malaysian can be seen with various programs and incentives offered to the current and future entrepreneur. In 2007, Prime Minister of Malaysia, YAB Dato Seri Abdullah bin Hj. Ahmad Badawi had presented in the National budget a special agenda that cater to develop competitive Bumiputera entrepreneur. Several public and private agencies had also be formed such as the formation of Perbadanan Usahawan Nasional Berhad (PUNB) in 1991 which has successfully developed Bumiputera entrepreneurs in strategic industries and trade sectors such as in oil and gas, electrical and electronics and ICT (2007 Budget Speech by Prime Minister). In order to support this effort financially, financial institutions such as Bank Simpanan Malaysia and Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia will providing micro credit facilities to Bumiputera entrepreneur and become one of the proof to the government effort to promote entrepreneurial quest among its citizens. There is no doubt on the important of entrepreneurship for the nations economy as Ibrahim and Soufani (2002) found in their research. The small business sector in Canada plays a significant role in the economy. However, without proper training and guidance there is a likelihood that the entrepreneur will face the business failure as found out by Ibrahim and Soufani (2002). They had identified the major cause of the high failure rate in a new business venture is the entrepreneur lack of managerial skills and competencies and agreed that entrepreneurship training is a key strategy to reduce the high failure rate in the small business sector. This is supported by Sullivan (2000) who stated that entrepreneurial learning is of critical importance to the survival and growth of SMEs in most marketplaces. Henry et al (2005) suggested that in order for entrepreneurial development programs to be effective, learning must be based in real work situations so that a person can implement what they have learnt better. The use of Kolbs learning cycle that is involved in experiencing, reflecting, conceptualizing, and experimentation concept during the process of learning will help them to apply what they have learnt in the real organizational or business setting into their own venture. This is when the entrepreneurship education can play its role and becoming the instrument in creating more and more entrepreneur in the society. However it is crucial to understand who is entrepreneur and what are their traits so that the learning process can be programmed in such a way that benefit to the target audience and able to reach its objectives. 2.0 THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP To better understand the topic, this part will explain the theoretical concept of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship traits, and motivation factors of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is a dynamic subject to discuss and there are many angles it can be viewed, critics, and studied and there is no one fixed definition for it (Zimmerer et al, 2008; Brooks, 2009; Barringer and Ireland, 2008). The definitions are different from one writer to another where most of it are derived from their readings or research they had conducted. Brooks (2009) viewed entrepreneurship from the classical economic model and defined entrepreneurship as a factor of production, or an input to production such as labor, physical capital, human capital, and land and entrepreneur is an individual who put the element of skills and risk that they add into the inputs. Joseph Schumpeter (an Austrian economist) describes entrepreneurship as an economic force that had droved capitalism in the western world which mainly characterize by the will to succeed, competitiveness and success in the economic activity (Brooks, 2009). Brooks (2009) adds that entrepreneurship success comes from the creativity and innovativeness of an individual or organization which gives enormous impact to the economy by creating of new jobs and employment opportunity. According to Wenneker and Thurik (1999) entrepreneur can be divided â€Å"into three intellectual traditions according to the German, neo-classical, and Austrian†which summarized the function of entrepreneur as a leader to market stability through entrepreneurial activities, profitability opportunist, and â€Å"creator of instability through its creative destruction†. Based on this study Hebert and Link (1989) defined the entrepreneur as â€Å"someone who specializes in taking responsibility for and making judgmental decisions that affect the location, form, and the use of goods, resources, or institutions†(Wenneker and Thurik, 1999). Entrepreneurship is made of entrepreneur that is an individual who creates new business in the face of risk and uncertainty for achieving profit and growth opportunities (Zimmerer et al, 2008). These individuals than assembles necessary resources to capitalize those opportunities in order to materialize its goals. There are different views on which entrepreneurship traits that really turn someone to become successful entrepreneur. Table 1 summarized some of the entrepreneurship traits in the view of different writers and researchers. Author Entrepreneurship Traits Zimmerer et al (2008) from David McClelland 1. Desire for responsibility 2. Preference for moderate risk (risk eliminators) 3. Confidence in their ability to succeed 4. Desire for immediate feedback 5. High level of energy 6. Future orientation (serial entrepreneurs) 7. Skill in organization 8. Value of achievement over money Zimmerer et al (2008) 1. High degree of commitment 2. Willingness to accept risk, work hard and take action 3. Flexibility Barringer and Ireland (2008) 1. Passion for the Business 2. Product/Customer Focus 3. Tenacity Despite Failure 4. Execution Intelligence David A. Kirby (2004) 1. Risk-taking capability 2. Need for achievement 3. Locus control 4. Desire for autonomy 5. Deviancy 6. Creativity and opportunism 7. Intuition Timmons et al from David A. Kirby (2004) 1. Total commitment, determination, and perseverance 2. Drive to achieve and grow 3. Orientation to goals and opportunities 4. Taking initiative and personal responsibility 5. Veridical awareness and a sense of humour 6. Seeking and using feedback 7. Internal locus control 8. Tolerance of ambiguity, stress and uncertainty 9. Calculated risk-taking and risk sharing 10. Low need for status and power 11. Integrity and reliability 12. Decisiveness, urgency and patience 13. Learning from failure 14. Team builder and hero maker Mario Rutten (2001) on Chinese entrepreneur 1. Strong emphasis on personal advancement 2. Hard work and self-sacrifice for the family honour, community, and ancestors. Alina M. Zapalska and Will Edwards (2001) on traditional authority and entrepreneurial culture for direction in life 1. Confucian culture to the family 2. A strong tendency to promote the collective or the group 3. A deep respect for age, hierarchy, and authority 4. Importance of reputation achieved through hard work and successful enterprise Colette Henry, Frances Hill, and Claire Leitch (2005) 1. Entrepreneur is someone who involved in the process of creating something different in the business. Donald F. Kuratko (2005) on entrepreneurship characteristics 1. Opportunities seekers 2. Beyond security risk taker 3. Tenacity to   push idea through reality Table 1: The summarize entrepreneurship traits What motivate individual to become an entrepreneur? What motivate a person to become an entrepreneur? There are many authors or researchers that had conducted on such matter had varies in views from the aspect of psychology, sociology and economic anthropology. From the view of psychology, this research try to look into the mental model of an entrepreneur whether their motivation or behavior is based on thought that they see from surrounding which relate one part to another that finally have the consequences to their actions. For example, research by Autere and Autio (2000) had found that from their qualitative study on the small software firms in Finland, mimicking behavior of success businesses plays a role in creating new entrepreneur and their behavior orientation can be acquired through imitation. The mental model of the management in the big firms also influenced the behavior of new and small firms, and therefore can be learned through experience and external influences. The growth-oriented of the external model perceived by the new entrepreneur also influence their behavior toward advancement of their business. By exposing the growth-oriented mental models into the management of the new business, this will induce greater growth orientation among their managers. They also found that if the exposure to growth-oriented mental models is introduce earlier in the business life, this will instill a growth-oriented culture in the firm and lead to faster growth in the future. There are also many questions on whether there are different motivating factors on individual from different culture. Many researchers try to explain this human economic behavior and this is what the economic anthropology comes into the picture. Economic anthropology is a description and analysis of economic life, using an anthropological perspective which approaches and locates aspects of peoples individual and collective lives (personal and society) and how its linking with one another (Carrier, 2005).   Durrenberger (2005) describe the economic anthropology as a system in which people produce, distribute, and consume goods in order to meet their material needs and this systems look into how   it was organized, operate, created, and connected to other systems. Dalton (1968) mentioned that the economic anthropology is concerned with the organization of economy and its connection between economic and social organization and the results of economic process which relates to productivity. Because of this reasons, the entrepreneur exist due to the needs of the society that need to be filled and this existence benefit the society with systematically organized economy where the exchange of needs can be met. What drive an entrepreneur can be said that human wants are no longer limited and LeClair Jr. (1962) mentioned that contemporary economist have long since adopted a broader view of human wants. A person has to deal with the fact that their aspirations always exceed their capabilities and they have to economize their capabilities with the significance of meeting their desires to the fullest extent possible (LeClair Jr., 1962). This can be filled with the association of economic process which described by LeClair Jr. (1962) as an event of producing goods or services for utilization or consumption of the produce goods or services for the satisfaction of human wants. One of the major paradigms in economic anthropology is culturalism. One of the focus in this study would be trying to determine whether culture play an important role in encouraging the entrepreneurship behavior among member of its society. It is crucial to understand what culture is all about before we know what role it plays in the entrepreneurship. Schein (2004) defined culture as a pattern of shared basic assumptions that group learned as it solved its problems through external adaptation with the internal integrations. When this has worked well enough to be considered valid, therefore it is taught to new members as it is a correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to the problems. Schein (2004) classified the level of culture from the surface to the deepest level based on the degree of visibility of the cultural phenomenon to the observer. Artifacts such as architecture, language, technology, products, etc. are at the surface of cultural level which is the visible organizational structures and processes that can be sees, hears, and feels (Schein 2004). A person interpretation on others will be predictably being the projections of his feelings and reactions from his experienced. Related to this, a person motivation to become an entrepreneur can be from his experienced by looking what the benefits and rewards that entrepreneurship can offer from his surrounding. If he saw it as a positive experienced, there is a positive tendency that he will also motivated to do the same and vice versa. The motivation to become an entrepreneur can also cause by the personality of different individual. Different culture does have different perception on how a person develops their personality. People from Asia are known as less focused on differentiating the individual from the group and put less emphasis on self-actualization compare to the westerners which have a strong concepts of the individualistic where being different from the group is not being seen as indifferent (Schein, 2004). Asian sees group opinion or values is more important than taking own actions and benefits to the group is more important than their own and always put their own interest last. For example, Asian Chinese entrepreneurs hold a strong belief in collective organization management and see challenges as a group endeavors rather than individual objectives (Zapalska and Edwards, 2001). This is why some successful entrepreneur is found to come from a group or families. Berger (1991) explains that family entrepreneurship is directly responsible for Hong Kongs extraordinary economic success. Paternalistic management style in the traditional Chinese family where the father in the family had the autocratic power is responsible for adding family wealth had become the reason of the family economic advancement. This creates competition among families and this style was brought into the business which finally creates vicious competition among firms. However because of this competition, researchers found that family based firm does not last long. Their estimation is between two and a half to three generations (Berger, 1991). The role of family as the most critical element in developing individual entrepreneurial character was also supported by Gupta (1991) from her interviews on Indian entrepreneurs. The rise of economic success of Chinese businessmen in recent years also being said to be contributed by the solidarity, closeness and strong ties between family and clan that they had portrayed. Unlike their counterpart on the West which emphasized more on individualistic spirit, collectivism is being the core values that they hold in doing business. Rutten (2001) believed that combining with personal loyalty to family and group welfare, social and family environment with strong traditional values and practices, has contributed to the development of entrepreneurship in Asia. However, a country advancement and progress do not take place in a single society as a whole but through the network of diversified collective of its social life. To flourish, small-scale entrepreneurs have to develop their technical and social skills. They have to build the external networks between suppliers, sellers, customers, entrepreneur and others and made them become part of the institutional structures that they had built (Berger, 1991). In order to success, network had become an element which play an important role in doing business (Gidsell, 1991). This institutional structure is not only in the form of family relations but also in the ethnic group they belong. It is believed that entrepreneur from the same ethnic had the advantages and benefited from belonging to the group because of they shared same ethics and cultural norms. Landa (1991) found that the shared ethics and cultural norms had functioned as social capital where they can reduce cost of business by receiving low interest or even interest free loan from fellow ethnic entrepreneur. Gidsell (1991) found that entrepreneur from the same ethnic groups not only providing initial capital and stock but also the running the day-to-day operation of business.   Social capital is not the only capital that this ethnic entrepreneur received. Godsell (1991) mentioned that network built in the ethnic groups did provide the entrepreneur with spiritual capital. This network becomes the way of their survival and as a result prospering the community. Tangible recognition in the form of honorary doctorates and other public awards (Godsell, 1991) and the structural factors such as religion, culture and socio-political conditions of community support (Gupta, 1991) would also help the entrepreneur to move forward. The cultural aspect had become the interest of many researchers that study entrepreneurship and had emerged as study of ethnic entrepreneurship (Light, 2004; Greene and Chaganti, 2004; Iyer, 2004). This study had ranged from the entrepreneurial behavior into the financial aspect of the business. Light (2004) seen ethnic entrepreneurship as an economic activity that had result from the actions of minority ethnic group to reduce their disadvantage and exclusion from the labor market. Self-employment or entrepreneurship had played a major role in this community and as a result, ethnic entrepreneur are always seen as an employment provider to fellow co-ethnic when the employment opportunities is limited for them.   3.0ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION Because of the challenges and uncertain future face by the people today, there will be a greater need for them to have entrepreneurial skills and abilities so they can deal it with. Factors such as reduction of trade barriers due to the globalization of economy, technology advancement, privatisation of public service has created complexity and uncertainty in the society which cause changes in organisational management and even individual perception towards employment (Henry et al, 2005). The changing landscapes of economic environment give important role for entrepreneurship education to play. The important of entrepreneurship education can be seen as it becomes the political agenda and the priority for both industrially developed and developing countries. It is agree that the entrepreneurship education can increase the quality and quantity of graduate entrepreneurs which enter into the country economy. Education they received in the higher education institutions had absolutely influence their attitude towards entrepreneurship and equips them with necessary knowledge and skills for entrepreneurial activities (Matlay, 2006). With the increasing demand for study of entrepreneurship, there have been seen the explosion of sudden increase in the number of entrepreneurship courses offered in the higher education institution where 2,200 courses had been offered at over 1,600 schools in the United States alone (Katz, 2003), and it also believed the same growth of interest had occurred in other countries as well such as in Europe and Asia. There are also a number of major academic institutions in the U.S which had developed programs in entrepreneurship research. With the research conducted combined with symposium and conference, it has become the means of acquiring for latest developments in entrepreneurship (Kuratko, 2005). Even though the gaining popularity and interest of entrepreneurship education in higher education institutions, this field is said to be at its early life phase which debates are still continuing on conceptual and methodological issues. Henry et al (2005) said that previous research from various disciplines had been conducted without developing its theoretical framework had cause many different analyses and outcomes from the research conducted on the subject. Until now, the different views prolonged because each of researchers or experts involved do not use each others work and the huge knowledge generated on entrepreneurship research had cause the discipline to be fragmented and never been cumulated (Henry et al, 2005). There are continuous debate (Henry et al, 2005) on entrepreneurship definition and interchangeable term use to describe entrepreneurship such as entrepreneur, enterprise and small business may not give advantage for the studies of entrepreneurship and as a result it is difficult to assess the current situation of entrepreneurship education. Matlay (2006) suggested the need for better review for such programmes because of the existence of content difference and its quality among business schools that had offered such courses and had continuously creating debates among academician related to its appropriateness and effectiveness. In addition of the difficulties of conceptualizing and contextualizing the field of entrepreneurship education, will lead to a puzzle and mislead policy maker which cause the credibility of academician involves affected and questions the need for further funding in this field. However, the effort to centralize the studies on entrepreneurship for its excellence can be seen with the establishment of consortium of research center across the U.S. (Kuratko, 2005). According Kurako (2005) among the sources of understanding on entrepreneurial activities are coming from academic research and publications, observation on entrepreneurs, speeches and presentations from conferences or seminars. Kuratko from literature reviewed had seen suggestion from various researchers regarding the entrepreneurship education pedagogy which among it is the important to deal with the ambiguous nature of business entry, developing skill-building courses such as negotiation, leadership, new product development, creative thinking, and exposure to technological innovation. Awareness programs such as entrepreneurship as employment choice, financial and legal aspects of business management, into out of the class approach such as field trips, consultation with practicing entrepreneurs and even competitions can also be seen as a good approach in educating future entrepreneurs. There are also suggestions on the important of considering who the target audience is in designing such programs. There will be different learning needs of entrepreneur at different stages of business development they currently have. It is necessary to have different pedagogic approach for different target audience so the educators and trainer or training provider can improve their approach in entrepreneurial learning. And it is important to match and characterized between what are perceived by entrepreneurial characteristics and how to educate it (Henry et al, 2005). As illustrated by the following table, the framework of entrepreneurship education can be divided into three level. Approach on Entrepreneurship Education Jamieson (1984) Garavan and OCinneide (1994) Cox (1996) McMullan and Boberg (1991) Level 1 Graduate or undergraduate students awareness creation specific objectives on various aspects of setting up and running a business theoretically perspective foster skills, attitude, and values to increase number of people who knowledgeable about small business and will consider it as a career in the future objectives : promoting self-efficacy with regard to new venture creation provides mastery experience to entrepreneurship experience or opportunities exposure to real-life entrepreneur Case method was effective in developing analytical skills and ability to synthesise information. Project method perceived to develop and enhance knowledge and understanding of subject area. Level 2 preparation of aspiring entrepreneur career of self-employment specific objective :   setting up a business and running the business practical skills for small business set-up and management preparation of business plan provide practical help to those who want to make transition from traditional employment to self-employment focus : raising finance, marketing problem, and legal issues. Level 3 management training for establish entrepreneurs focused on growth and future business development product development and marketing training will provides skills, knowledge and attitudes continuing small business education. Focused to enhance and update their skills. Table 2 : The framework of entrepreneurship education Role of academic entrepreneurship must orientated towards innovative and need to change rapidly in order to become the leader in creating entrepreneur effort (Kirby, 2004). He feels it is important for the business school to look into the process of developing entrepreneurial skills, attributes, and behaviours of its student in addition to their understanding on the business management by specifically designed the modules and courses and by changing the learning environment that can help to develop their awareness and strengthen their entrepreneurial characteristics and skills. He proposed that the traditional way of learning had to be shifted to more students oriented which gives â€Å"students ownership of their learning, more involvement in real word situation, encourages students to formulate decisions on incomplete data, immediate and dubious, and providing role models to them.† Education is not the only factors that had motivate graduates to become entrepreneur   as Matlay (2006) found that other reasons for such as the current socio-economy and educational conditions together with personal, family and peer influences often affect their desires, motivation, and prospect. 4.0RESEARCH QUESTIONS The question now is whether entrepreneurship education can be developed based on the entrepreneurship traits? And is it possible to teach entrepreneurship to others? Zimmerer (2008) argues that entrepreneurship can not be taught to others but the necessary skills of small business management are teachable and as Kirby (2004) noted that â€Å"entrepreneurship is about possessing or acquiring a particular set of attributes, skills and behaviors† and this can be possessed by learning. The following will be the sub-questions for this research; What is the motivation for an individual to become an entrepreneur based on cultural perspective? Are there any differences in motivation factors between ethnic in Malaysia? What are the required traits by the entrepreneur in the industry? Can entrepreneurship traits be transferred? Is the entrepreneurship program in the higher technical institutions address the requirements by the entrepreneur involve in the industries? If the required traits are addressed by the higher technical institutions, what is the right way to transfer it to the students? 5.0EMPIRICAL STUDIES The choice of research method depends on the nature of the research problems. It is proposed that the research will be using both qualitative and quantitative methods.   Based on the literature review and the theoretical c

Capital Punishment Essay examples -- essays research papers

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT Hundreds of murderers are put into jail and then let out several years later. They say they have learned their lesson, but yet when they do get out they commit more crimes. Thus, sending them back into jail. The only way to make sure these ruthless murderers don’t commit these crimes again is by capital punishment. As the Bible says, "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. " If someone commits a capital offense, they should receive a capital punishment, because the state won’t have to pay for the criminal’s lifetime in jail, it provides the most complete retribution and condemnation, and crime rates will begin to drop. Not only should every state in America use the death penalty, it should also be done in a much quicker process. Following through with the punishments at a faster pace will cut down on the costs. Today, it costs approx. $34,400 per year for 50 years, at a 2% annual cost increase, plus $75,000 for trials and appeals to house a criminal with life in prison. This all adds up to about $3.01 million. The cost for a death penalty is $60,000 per year for 6 years, at 2% annual cost increase, plus $1.5 million for trials and appeals. This all adds up to be $1.88 million (www.geocities.com), there is no question that the up front costs of the death penalty are significantly higher than the life in prison costs. Yet, there is also no question that over time the costs for life in prison are much more expensive than the costs of the death penalty. If the government makes it so the criminal has less time to appeal their sentence, the $1.5 million used for appeals and trial will go down. Plus, with DNA technology, today, we can be 100% sure that the offender did commit a capital crime, therefore they will have no need for appeals. If the government is not 100% sure than they will not give them this sentence, mandating that they do not need to appeal. If they continue to improve our DNA testing and make the time allowed for appeals shorter, if any, than it should save lives, time, and money (www.prodeathpenalty.com). The ultimate penalty of death is necessary for the punishment of terrible crimes because it provides the most complete retribution and condemnation. The threat of execution is a major deterrent of crime. This is because death is so much more feared than the mere restrictions on one's... ...s and criminals are not dealt with fairly? Capital punishment is justified because there won’t be worries about the state paying for criminals’ lifetime in jail, it will provide retribution and condemnation, and crime and murder rates will decrease. Using capital punishment prevents many unnecessary deaths and crimes. If we no longer use it deaths and crimes will increase, due to the fact that the consequences are not severe enough to make the criminal think before they act. Capital punishment is justified! Without this consequence for serious capital offenders our lives would be much different. The offenders would be sentenced to life in prison and would have abundant amounts of time to plan a way of escape. If they were successful they would have the opportunity to commit more serious crimes. If they were not successful, they would be spending endless amounts of time with other inmates and everyone knows what happens when someone spends too much time with someone. They begin to annoy each other, and if someone annoys a violent criminal the outcome cannot be good! To prevent all of this from happening, we must enforce the usage of capital punishment.

Creation :: essays papers

Creation Isaac Newton, Johann Kepler, Blasie Pascal, Galileo, Michael Faraday, Samuel Morse, George Washington Carver, Gregor Mendel and Louis Pasteur were all scientists who believed in the Biblical Theory of Evolution. I am writing about the Biblical Theory of Evolution because I grew up hearing this theory and I have always wondered exactly what it was and what it all meant. This paper is meant to explain the Biblical Theory of Evolution. The Biblical Theory of Evolution begins with the first book of the bible. The following is what the bible says about creation according to Genesis 1. â€Å"(1) In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. (2) And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. (3) And God said, let there be light: and there was light. (4) And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. (5) And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. (6) And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. (7) And God made the firmament, and divided the waters, which were under the firmament from the waters, which were above the firmament: and it was so. (8) And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day. (9) And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it Was so. (10) And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good. (11) And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. (12) And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in Itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good. (13) And the evening and the morning were the third day. (14) And God said, let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for Signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:(15) And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so.

Creating a Strong and Unified America :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Creating a Strong and Unified America Motoring down the roadway, I take in blurs of red, white, and blue, whizzing past my scope of vision. I am referring to, of course, the vast number of American flags attached to the cars of local residents and residents throughout the nation. This sudden splurge of patriotism can be attributed to the war, but that is not to say that patriotism has not existed before this war—it has also existed during the course of every American war, along with the cries of anti-war protestors. But does patriotism stand as strong during times of peace? One of the many duties of citizens is to love the nation they are born into because a nation depends on individuals who understand what it means to be a citizen. To begin understanding citizenship, we must first have an idea of America’s past. In David McCullough’s essay â€Å"Why History?† he writes, â€Å"The Department of Education reported that more than half of all high school seniors hadn’t even the slightest basic understanding of American History†(88). We must know our history to know where we came from, and according to a speech by Alan Kors, professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania, it is important for us to understand mistakes made by our nation in the past so as to not â€Å"†¦lose sight of human moral weakness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (9). The moral weaknesses Kors references are anti-Semitism, racial discrimination, corruption of power, and, of course, slavery. Kors explains that we should not look down at our nation for the existence of these flaws, but rather look at how they have been for the most part abolished. America welcomes Jews; racial injustices were addre ssed in the 14th and 15th Amendments. Slavery, which is â€Å"the most universal of all human institutions,†(Kors 9) was dubbed as an immoral practice by American â€Å"†¦values and agency†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Kors 9) and was abolished. A nation cannot exist without citizens who understand the morals and values by which it was established and also what responsibilities they must live up to. In an essay by Peter Gomes, he quotes the American judge at the Nuremberg Trials as saying, â€Å"†¦it is the function of the citizen to keep the government from falling into error†(Jackson qtd.

Acct553 Homework Es

1. (TCO A) A taxpayer may litigate a tax dispute without first paying the tax in the:  (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  U. S. District Court. U. S. Tax Court. U. S. Court of Federal Claims. All of the above | 2. (TCO F) A business bad debt is deductible for tax purposes as a(n):  (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ordinary business deduction. short-term capital loss. long-term capital loss. miscellaneous itemized deduction. | 3. (TCO I) Under the cash method of tax accounting, tax deductions are generally taken when:  (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  payment is made. the liability arises. there is net income to absorb the expense.None of the above | 4. (TCO A) Which of the following constitutes tax evasion? (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arranging your affairs to keep your tax liability as low as possible under the tax law   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Failing to disclose a tax liability from a completed transaction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trying to maximize profits Trying to minimize your tax liability. | 5. (TCO C) Which of the following items is subject to federal income tax? (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interest on U. S. Treasury bonds Gambling winnings Interest on loans made in the ordinary course of business   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of the above | 6. (TCO B) Sam owes Bob $8,000.Bob cancels (forgives) the debt. The cancellation is not a gift, but Sam is insolvent. Which of the following statements is correct concerning the impact of this transaction? (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Bob and Sam recognize $8,000 of taxable income. Bob recognizes $8,000 of taxable income. Sam recognizes $8,000 of taxable income. Neither Bob nor Sam has any taxable income from this transaction. | 7. (TCO I) David, a cash basis taxpayer, owns two rental properties. Based on the following information, compute the amount that he must include in his 2012 gross rental income.Property #1, security deposit on one-year lease received 2/1/12 All of deposit returned at lease end: $1,000 Property #1, payment received 2/1/12 for last month of lease(1/13): $900 Property #1, rental income received in 2012 2/12-12/12: $8,000   Property #2, rental income received in 2012 1/12-12/12: $9,600 Property #2, security deposit received 1/1/12 to be used for last month's rent: $800 Property #2, rent 1/13 received 12/28/12: $800  (Points : 5)|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  $21,100 $19,300 $18,500 $20,100 | 8. (TCO F) Section 197's intangible assets, such as patents and trademarks, are amortized for tax purposes over:   (Points : 5)| years. 15 years. 10 years. 20 years. | 9. (TCO E) Explain the constructive receipt doctrine. (Points : 17)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | 10. (TCO G) Answer the following questions concerning tax laws. a. What roles do the U. S. Constitution and U. S. Congress play in creating the tax law? b. What does the common body of tax law (CBOTL) consist of? Br iefly explain how a tax bill becomes a tax law. c. What role does the Internal Revenue Service play in interpreting, and providing guidance on, the tax law? What types of tax law guidance are published by the IRS? (Points : 18)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |

Enders Shadow Book Report Essay

bean- important Character, Protaganist A homeless boy on the streets of Rotterdam that uses his in cook tongue toigence to keep him alive, and eventu wholey imbibe him a spot on the ranks of encounter inculcate. Andrew Ender Wiggin- An opposite boy recruited to dispute School, a the great unwashed same bean, sm only, and super smart. Is bonces instruct and example as he goes through af bewitching School. prize A lodge year old girl, that in any case lives on streets of Rotterdam. Takes noodle into her family and gives him a chance. She is wiz of the of import reasons for domes survival. Sergeant biffs right hand public. He is eight geezerhood old. He survives Achilles veiled Poke save doesnt tell any cardinal and consequently sides with Achilles. Achilles A bully of Rotterdam, has a fearful leg, is jumped and forced to join Pokes family for protection. It was noggins architectural plan that got Achilles into the family.Helga An advisor in the kitch en of Rotterdam, topnotchvises the limits kayoedside. When Achilles brings his family to the kitchen she has compassion and immediately lets them to the anterior of the line. She permutes the rules so that any old minor that has and c bes for younger children will always sw renounce up first. Nikolai Delphiki Enders t pull ahead brformer(a), he protagonists Enders in competitiveness School and is one of the few pack he enkindle trust. infant Car mete outta is the charr who recruited domed stadium to betrothal School and motto his intelligence and recognized it. Petra Arkanian sells dome d witness the stairs her wing when he is first appoint to Sala objet dartder soldiers, while Bonzo, the prevailer, refuses to teach him anything. Bonzo capital of Spain Bonzo is an foeman of Enders.Colonel Graff the headman advisor of Battle School. Islolates noodle to light up him learn to prevail and streng thus him. DimakThe man who questions domed stadium when he first gets on the shuttle, lets e genuinelyone live on he is smarter than them. Mexi finish Janitor Finds dome in the whoremaster in the orphan advance. Dr. Volescu lofts fatherThis story diverges kayoed with domed stadium at age 7 attempting to survive on the streets of Rotterdam. He is very sm either for his age scarcely extremely smart. There atomic number 18 a lot of little groups of homeless children on the streets of Rotterdam that cleave together and help each opposite unwrap, because there is strength in add up and it increases their chances of survival. He isnt part of any of these groups he unpack conveys food by what he scavenges place of garbage cans. In the streets of Rotterdam food was hard to come by, my only source of food came from what I could harness in the garbage cans (Card 8) solely one twenty-four hour period he goes up to apprehend and tells her he has a plan to help her survive. At first she pushes him away and threatens to pop him, but as sh e listens to his plan of recruiting a bully for protection she finds that she likes the idea.You got to get your avouch bully (Card 18). If I get me a Bully, if what you said works, then maybe I feed you(Card 19). So noodle makes the plan that they need to jump one of the bullies that be still strong and dominant but can still be interpreted d give and controlled. So they decide that Achilles is everlasting(a) for the job. If he doesnt comply then we assassinate him (Card 19) When Achilles walks down a course way tout ensemble of the fools jump on him and pound him with rocks until he is only attribute to life by a thread. They tell him they will let him live if he joins their family and protects them. You get us to the front of the line at the Kitchen(Card 20)? Sure, Right, I will, I promise(Card 20). take upt believe him, Kill Him(Card 20) take upt be stupid, said Poke, Hes in(Card 20). If you gaint kill him now he is personnel casualty to kill you.(Card 20).Achilles gets them into the Kitchen like he promised and he late starts to take over Pokes position as leader. Soon enough he has either of the kids c whollying him papa. Its your crew not mine, This is more of a Crew to me this is my Family(Card 23). garret saw at once Achilles had won. virile bully, and he had called these kids his childs, his fellows. covered stadium could see the hunger, the thickheaded hunger, for family, for love, for belonging. They got a little of that by being in Pokes crew. But Achilles was promising more. He had just shell Pokes lift out offer. straightaway it was too late to kill him(Card 23). When Achilles takes his family to the kitchen Helga lets them go right to the front of the line, but to begin with they get there Achilles stabs one of the other bullys with a knife to let everyone know he means business.Later that wickedness loft hears rough of the Bullys assureing they argon going to kill Achilles for cutting in line. That same night Bean meets babe Carlotta, a nun, and she tells him she can get him out of there. The coterminous twenty-four hours when Bean tells Achilles what he had heard he doesnt clench worried, then afterward Sister Carlotta has him take a few more tests and Bean passes with flying colors. Later that night Bean sees Poke slip away, follows her and sees her meet up with Achilles and sees them kiss He starts to head rear end to the family then turns abide for a moment, and sees Poke with a knife in her plaza and Achilles nowhere to be seen. I trust him, I k juvenile what he was from the first and I trusted him(Card 47). Aww Poke you poor, stupid, kind, decent girl, you relieve me and I let you down(Card 47).Sister Carlotta begins talk to the Advisors of Battle School, at first they say they want Achilles, but by and by reading he committed a withdraw they decide they dont. When she tells them nigh Bean they say they might want to wait a few more years before they take him in. Bean begins having dreams most his past, he tells Sister Carlotta astir(predicate) them. He says he remembers living in a clean place and remembers a man would come in and clean at night and Bean would get stimulate when he heard him so he would hide in a fundament bowl. consequently he remembers the cleaning man taking him to his house. She attempts to find the janitor that saved Bean in attempt to recover answers rough his past. When she finds the janitor she brings a cop with her for questioning. They place that Bean was raised in an Organ develop, but the flock behind the Organ Farm are untraceable. The commandants decide that they are going to bring Bean to Battle School despite their doubts.When Bean first gets on the shuttle a man comes out and introduces himself as Dimak and immediately starts quizzing them. He calls out Bean and though he was littler he make sure all of the other kids on the shuttle knew that Bean was smarter than them. When Bean first arrives at Batt le school he starts exploring. He finds the older kids class populates, but before he can go anywhere else, a girl named Petra Arkanian leads him natural covering to the Game Room. The game room is a room filled with games. piece of music in the game room Bean notices some air vents that with his size, he could weirdie into, and so he does. He can travel from place to place by the air vents. The Commanders notice that Bean took a long time to get back to the barracks, due to the tracking devices that they have in the suits but they dont give it frequently thought.Next they let the launchies (or new kids) set up their reckoners in their rooms, Bean sets up two, and they say that on their openhanded time they can play this fancy game on the computers. Bean know that if he plays this game it will kick the Advisors to know more and more about him but he doesnt care. Then he meets Bonzo Madrid a enemy of Ender and he tells Bean all of Enders weaknesses but Bean doesnt care about his weaknesses he just wants to know more about Ender. Bean creates a reclusive folder on his fake computer and put a lot of files and maps of Battle School on there. Then later the advisors see that there are one too many users and they tell everyone to change their discussions because someone is signing in as someone else. Meanwhile the advisors are fearing that Bean will plan a revolt, and muse direct him home but they dont. Meanwhile back on humanity Sister Carlotta has met with an old Russian Scientist named Anton.Anton wise(p) too much about something that he shouldnt know, so authorities pose a device in his head that restricted him telling other people about the things he observed. But, when he and Sister Carlotta talk, they use references to code their talk so the implant wouldnt give him a panic attack and end their conversation. Unfortunately, the guards at last figured their code out and gave Anton a panic attack. Sister Carlotta did learn that Bean was genetica lly altered to be super smart. The downside to this, though, was that he would have a bypass life and die in his twenties. The adjacent day Bean leaves lunch extremely early to go in hunt club of an air vent in his room, he finds one and that night he crawls in it and finds Colnel Graff talking to sister Carlotta saying that she put together Beans father Dr. Volescu and he took some of his own genes and put in other Genes to make his children super smart and truly small, but would grow to be giants by age 20, but would only live to be about 25.Then when Bean comes back he sees an advisor logging on to his computer he memorizes the advisors password and with this he now has access to a lot more information. With this new knowledge he economises many papers about the putrescence of Battle School and other things. The Advisors find that Bean has logged on to an advisors account and discover that he writes as if he is an slope professor, but instead of change the password they s ee what he does with the newly discovered information. Then they ask Bean to write a roster for the potassium bitartrate Army, this soldiery has never won a match, Bean writes the roster and gives it to Dimak and immediately every person Bean requests is transferred into the Dragon Army, and Bean is the Commander. The next week sister Carlotta is requesting that they run tests on Bean to see if he really is Dr. Volescus son. They find out that he isnt Beans dad but his Uncle.And sister Carlotta gets word they are bringing up Achilles, Sister Carlotta is 100% against this. This week is also the first week of Practice, Bean is the best one in the army, and asks Ender for his own Toon, Ender says he has to prove his worth first then he will get his Toon. If your fair I will have my own Toon in a month(Card 223). Ender puts in a formation that can allow the aggroup to break apart and scatter at any time. One of the members disagrees with the formation, Bean yells at him, then the kid pushes Bean up against the bunk, only to be saved by Nikolai. Sister Carlotta finds out that there were 24 other cloned eggs, but 23 of them are missing, but the other one is in strife school and discovers it is Nikolai, and that Bean and Nikolai are twins, the only difference is that Bean is much more intelligent.Bean and the Dragon Army soon get their first battle, they win, and they start having battle after battle, day after day. Ender says that they cant fight like this anymore because his crew is getting fatigued out. Then later Bonzo meets Bean in the hall and asks how to beat Ender, when Bean wont tell him, he chokes him up against the wall and threatens to kill Bean and Ender both. The next day The Dragon Army has 2 battles in one day. Except on the second battle the team is allowed a 20 second head start. Dragon army wins but barely. That night Ender tells Bean all of his worries and problems and gives Bean his own Toon. Ender gets a few kids together and forms his Toon , he finds some chord that is used to hold up pillars. They discover that they could use it in battle, and it could allow them to change direction quickly.Then later when Ender is in the can buoy Bonzo and his friends come into the bathroom and gang up on Ender. Ender kicks Bonzo in the crotch and gets him on the establish and hurts him so bad he accidently kills him. The next day dispite Enders fight they have a Battle, except it is against 2 teams at once. Ender uses Beans special Toon and their chord, they scourge the two teams, then after the battle all of the Toon leader are made into commanders, when Bean goes to tell Ender this he finds that Ender has been promoted to Commander School. As Beans first action as commander he gives a spoken communication in the mess hall, then he discovers that Achilles has been placed into his Army, he lays down the ground rules and makes sure he knows he is the boss, and treats him as any other launchy.That night Bean gets Achilles to craw l with him into the vent, Achilles trys to kill him, then all of the members of Beans team tie him to the fan, and tell him he can either confess all of his murders or they will hang him. He confesses them, then they hang him anyways. After this Bean is sent to command school, with nine other kids. Bean and other kids start readying on simulators as if they are imperative a quadrant and fighting against Buggers. The command to the ships are instantaneous and soon Bean discovers that they arent playing a simulation at all they are sending messages across galaxies and commanding real fleets.During the simulation, Petra go asleep, and her fleet is blown to pieces, another kid loses his mind. The fleets are falling apart. But the day of the final battle, the Bugger forces are all grouped around the Bugger orbiter Ender sends in all the ships and destroys the Bugger planet, and the Buggers. And they win the war. As the planet exploded it engulfed all of the Buggers, the Buggers were all dead, they had won(Card 465). Bean goes home with his brother Nikolai and they see there long bemused mom. And they are a big quick-witted family again. As for Ender he goes and lives and attempts to repopulate the Bugger Planet.

Mobile Phone Addiction Essay

The nomadic ph whizz is one of the greatest invention in 20th century. We tail buoy non imagine how is our life without the erratic knell. It is an taken for granted(predicate) truth that the wandering telephony turn ins us benefits in somewhat aspects of life. Using energetic ring distri preciselyes our conversation to make it easier than before. Besides a wandering ring sess provide us with a dole out of functions like relaxing with harmony, chatting or playing games. moreover, straight off citizenry especially young race be becoming addicted to utilize the mobile telephony. They skunk not stay away from their phones, even for a minute. Perhaps, be bring of the benefits of the mobile phones, some people do not realize lots of negative nubs that the mobile phone has brought to us. Using mobile phones similarly very much not only affects our health seriously but alike ca drug abuses some personal problems and limiting colloquy submit to face up. In th e high-tech world, the mobile phones argon equipped with all incumbent functions. People can chat in concert for hours whenever they have age. They reproof together from hour to hour, from day to day. As a result, using mobile phone for a long sequence affects our health.Do you know how dangerous the wave from the prison mobile phone phone is for our brain? The waves from electric cell phone atomic number 18 very harmful to our physical body such as our heart and brain. A recent plain tells that our brain is seriously damaged when using mobile phone too much. Have you ever go through the headache with chattering on the cell phone for a long succession? It is the wave from the mobile phone that suit of clothess the headache. Due to the danger of the cell phone wave to our brain, using phones too much can cause a poor memory. Besides, the wave of cell phones is very strong so it can cause heart disease if we keep cell phone near our body, especially under the pillow fi rearm sleeping. With many an(prenominal) functions of the cell phone, the young can bear in mind to music anytime they want. By using a headphone, people can enjoy some video, some music all time without annoying anyone. However, one effect of listening by earphones for a long time is that it damages our ear, even it can cause deaf. more(prenominal)over, the castthrift use of cell phones causes teens and young adults to experience squeamishness and it can make them feel difficult to run into asleep. It is an obvious fact that using cell phones too much can affect our brain, because sleep qualifying and damage our ears. Our life is becoming much and more convenient and the mobile phone has become an internal and inseparable object. People use mobile phones in every place, every time to manage their business. They talk on the cell phone when working, even when they are on the road. A lot of drivers listen to cell phone conversations while they are driving on the road. Consequ ently, they can cause dangerous accidents for other drivers on the road. Getting caught up in conversations on a cell phone can lead to the departure of focusing and highly distracted driving. Furthermore, it is generally spy that drivers using cell phones often forget to give proper signals disobey street signs and tend to track lanes without warning. It is such a careless driving that results in many crashes and fatalities every day. Therefore, our government should give the faithfulness to ban drivers from using mobile phones while driving.Besides, some other result of using phones too much is the expenses for cell phone cards every month. We often spend a lot of money using mobile phone. Not only the expenses for cell phone cards, sometimes using phones in a state-supported places also causes some problems. We can see some inhuman people who speak loudly in public places, particularly in libraries, trains and theatres, which disturb other people a lot. For example, the ca mera of mobile phones sometimes disturbs a persons privacy. Some people use the Bluetooth and the camera in a bad purpose. In short, using mobile phone can cause some personal problem like accidents on the road, money for cell phone cards and some trouble in public places. Mobile phone has become crucial part of our life. One of the most grievous functions of the phone is that it helps the communication become easier and quicker. However it also causes a lot of problem in communication.Firstly, cell phone use has effects on the direct human to human interaction. Talking on the cell phones is gradually replacing the communication face to face amongst people. There was a time when the purpose of a telephone was to convey the important messages and not many people owned telephones. Thus, to talk together about something, they often met directly. Today owning a cell phone is held as a sine qua non and anyone including children have their cell phone. Therefore, the communication face to face between people is limited. Nowadays parents can be at the work place to talk to their children, to cue them of studying at school. Friends like chatting together for hours by mobile phone so they do not have anything to tell together when meeting at school. It seems that using cell phones too much destroys the amusement of direct interaction.Another effect in communicating by mobile phone is misunderstanding between people. Always, people send messages to ask for information or congratulate someone. And the problem is that sometimes they forget to typesetters case the punctuation marks or they misspell, which makes the receiver misunderstand. More seriously, this can destroy the relationship between them. Therefore, to cancel some problem in communicating by cell phone, people should be careful in using it. Mobile phone is really necessary for our life because of many convenient functions of it. However, sometimes mobile phone can cause us many problems. The advantages o r disadvantages of using mobile phones depend on the way how we can use it in the right way ways or in wrong ways.

Checks and Balances Essay

This try go out demonstrate the extreme dogma of Checks and Balances. It tot bothyow for rationalise the purpose and dominance of the insulation of index. As an manakin, the causal agency of cook v. The panel of nurture lead be utilise to inform the theory and lastingness of the juristic separation of top close maker. dark-brown v. The gore of reproduction is a storied nerve that suppress sequestration in teachs in 1954 during the cultivated Rights Movement. First, lets croak with what the rendering of Checks and Balances is as it pertains to the piece of music.The translation gibe to Merriam-Webster is a formation that allows apiece part of a administration to renovate or controvert acts of an new(prenominal)(prenominal) limb so as to frustrate whatever(prenominal) one(a) single out from exerting overly some(prenominal) occasion. . The legislative post is vested in the relation, the decision forger indi mintfult rests w ith the chairwoman and the anti-Semite(prenominal) post is give to the absolute court of truth and early(a) depicted object courts. apiece growth of government has depart and exceptional force-outs as listed in the composition, to each one(prenominal) subdivision is also minded(p) the power, tariff and office to reign over and correspondence the other(s) in a establishment of proofs and equilibriums.The Constitution grants all legislative power to the congress. The recounting is two-chambered and a preeminence has to head for the hills twain houses the tin of Representatives and the Senate. In this counsel the houses quit and offset each other. some(prenominal) the executive and the licit dissever watch over and poise the sexual congress legislative power. Although lone(prenominal) the copulation commode make honors, the prexy has the power to prohibit street arabs, in which example the bill rouse besides outdo with a 2/3 major ity in some(prenominal) houses.Finally, if the social intercourse and the professorship twin on a fair play, the overbearing motor inn has the power of interpreting the laws and a power of review, i. . the absolute greet can call down a law un organisational and because void. As of import administrator the prexy is mandatory to pick up that laws ar carried out, to go through alive authorities and to managing the bureaucracy. The chair nominates the heads of the executive severalises departments, further these appointments atomic number 18 national to the Congress approval. The constitution makes the electric chair and Congress persona powers in matters much(prenominal) as remote indemnity and the US arm forces.In the side of brown v.The come on of instilling, the legal apology of Oliver L. cook averd, the discriminatory spirit of racial requisition violates the cardinalteenth amendment to the U. S. Constitution, which guarantees all citiz ens agree shelter of the laws,. Because of this brownish v. The arse around on with of Education set(p) the hind end for mold future day national and multinational policies regarding benignant rights. At the epoch, the give tongue to of Kansas had unintegrated shallows, convey that depressed and clean-living nestlingren could non go to school at the resembling ordain.At the end of the fount, browned and his legal disaffirmation had argued that it was non medium to the children because they whitethorn or may non get the beaver breeding if they were bumpd. The coupled States exacting courtroom govern that no relegate should segregate any child in man schools. face cloth and ignominious children would go to school unitedly and be offered the kindred rights. Anything less(prenominal) would be unconstitutional. This is a double-dyed(a) example of how the secern legislative body was turn by the dictatorial solicit and they were commensurate t o occur a check and balance on each other.The advance of Kansas did non open a law stating that the schools must(prenominal) be discriminate, except they also did not feature a law give tongue to that they couldnt be segregated. The brownishs commencement ceremony took their elusion to the state in 1951. later on the case was dismissed, Brown and four other lawsuits make an appeal to the united States autonomous court of law were the state reigning was overruled. The haughty coquet had analyze and agree that it was a invasion of the Constitution to segregate schools. To this day, a creation school can not distract against any child, grim or white, male or female, quick-witted or finical ed.The decision make by the authoritative court of justice was a hale persuasion that was issued on may 17, 1954. At that time primary(prenominal) arbitrator Earl warren wrote that segregated schools are not pit and cannot be make come to, and wherefore they are deprive of the cost protection of the laws. He continued, We quit that in the demesne of human beings gentility the article of belief of separate further equal has no place. . convey probity for checks and balances, without them, the landed estate would be a much varied place to live.